直線電機和直流電機的區別？

直線電(dian)機和直流電機的組成結構、驅動原理、應用場景、輸出功率都不一樣；選擇時應根據實際需求進行選擇直線電機、直流電機，下面將詳細介紹兩種電機結構、原理與特點。

直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)是一(yi)種將電能(neng)直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)運動機(ji)械能(neng)，而不需要任何(he)中(zhong)間(jian)轉(zhuan)換機(ji)構的(de)傳(chuan)動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。它可(ke)以看(kan)成(cheng)是一(yi)臺旋轉(zhuan)電機(ji)按(an)徑(jing)向剖開，并(bing)展成(cheng)平面(mian)而成(cheng)。直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)也稱線(xian)(xian)性電機(ji)，線(xian)(xian)性馬(ma)達(da)，直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)馬(ma)達(da)，推(tui)桿馬(ma)達(da)。常(chang)用的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)類型是平板式和U 型槽(cao)式，和(he)管式。 線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)典型組(zu)成(cheng)是(shi)三相(xiang)，由霍(huo)爾元件實現(xian)無(wu)刷換相(xiang)。直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)控制和旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機一樣。像無(wu)刷旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，動(dong)(dong)子和定(ding)子無(wu)機械連(lian)接（無(wu)刷），不像旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)方(fang)面，動(dong)(dong)子旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)和定(ding)子位(wei)置保持固定(ding)，直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機系(xi)統可以是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)軌動(dong)(dong)或推力線(xian)(xian)圈動(dong)(dong)（大部(bu)分定(ding)位(wei)系(xi)統應用是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)軌固定(ding)，推力線(xian)(xian)圈動(dong)(dong)）。用推力線(xian)(xian)圈運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，推力線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)重量和負(fu)載比很小。然而，需要高柔性線(xian)(xian)纜及其管理(li)系(xi)統。用磁(ci)(ci)軌運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，不僅(jin)要承(cheng)受(shou)負(fu)載，還要承(cheng)受(shou)磁(ci)(ci)軌質量，但(dan)無(wu)需線(xian)(xian)纜管理(li)系(xi)統。

直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)分(fen)類(lei)：由于直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)存在(zai)上述對應(ying)(ying)關系，因此每種旋(xuan)(xuan)轉電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都有相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，但直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)結構形(xing)式(shi)比旋(xuan)(xuan)轉電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)更(geng)靈活，另外(wai)(wai)，由于直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)某(mou)些性能參(can)數(shu)與應(ying)(ying)用場合密切相(xiang)關，所以直線(xian)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)除了可按工作原理分(fen)類(lei)外(wai)(wai)，還可按結構形(xing)式(shi)分(fen)類(lei)和(he)性能分(fen)類(lei)。

直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)指能(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)）或將(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)）的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。它是(shi)能(neng)實現(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)互相轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。當(dang)它作電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)；作發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的結構應由定子和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子兩大部分(fen)組成。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時靜(jing)止不動(dong)的部分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)定子，定子的主(zhu)要作用是(shi)產(chan)生磁場，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)座、主(zhu)磁極、換(huan)向(xiang)極、端(duan)蓋、軸承和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)刷裝置(zhi)等(deng)組成。運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)的部分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子，其主(zhu)要作用是(shi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩和(he)(he)感應電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢，是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的樞紐，所以(yi)通常(chang)又稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)樞，由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸、電(dian)(dian)樞鐵心(xin)、電(dian)(dian)樞繞組、換(huan)向(xiang)器和(he)(he)風(feng)扇等(deng)組成。